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Next to the four giants, Casio, Hewlett-Packard, Sharp and Texas Instruments, a large number of other manufacturers produced programmable calculators. Some are unique, one-of-a-kind designs, while others are simple OEM labels.
Back in the early days, several major manufacturers competed in the lucrative, but cutthroat pocket calculator market. A few survived; many didn't, and their names are now all but forgotten.
APF
A long forgotten manufacturer from the early days, APF made a single programmable model using the same chipset used in the Commodore PR-100.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions Mark 90 Scientific 8+2 LED digits Keystroke entry (72 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Unit conversions SC-31A Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory
Commodore
Before the legendary Commodore 64, Commodore was a manufacturer of office equipment. In the early 1970s, they manufactured many excellent calculators, among them some unique specialty models for mathematics, navigation, and statistics, and also two programmable models.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions P50 Scientific 8+2 LED digits Keystroke entry (24 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 1 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials PR-100 Scientific 8+2 LED digits Keystroke entry (72 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Unit conversions
Compucorp
Arguably the most legendary of them all, Compucorp made portable programmable calculators before anybody else. Sold also under the Monroe and SUMLock brand names, these early, large machines used size "D" batteries, weighed about 4lbs each, and packed a stack of five circuit boards and a high-voltage plasma fluorescent (Panaplex) display in an incredibly compact package.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions 322G Scientist Scientific 10+2 PFD digits Keystroke entry (80 program steps) 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials 324G Scientist Scientific 10+2 PFD digits Keystroke entry (160 program steps) 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials 326 Scientist Scientific 10+2 PFD digits Partially merged keystroke (160 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels 12 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Magnetic tape, Unit conversions 342 Statistician Statistical 10+2 PFD digits Keystroke entry (80 program steps) 10 numbers Exponentials, Linear regression 344 Statistician Statistical 10+2 PFD digits Keystroke entry (160 program steps) 10 numbers Exponentials, Linear regression 354 Surveyor Scientific 10+2 PFD digits Keystroke entry (160 program steps) 10 numbers Trigonometrics
Litronix
Litronix, another early, long-forgotten manufacturer of calculators, produced a single programmable model: possibly the most ridiculous programmable calculator ever made. (The 'R' model is the same calculator with rechargeable batteries.)- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions 2290 N/A 8 LED digits Keystroke entry (10 program steps) 1 numbers No Image Available 2290R N/A 8 LED digits Keystroke entry (10 program steps) 1 numbers
National Semiconductor
It has been said that in the early days, pocket calculators represented a significant new market for integrated circuit manufacturers. It should come as no surprise, then, that a major integrated circuit manufacturer like National Semiconductor entered this marketplace with several calculator models. What is somewhat surprising is the relatively low quality and clumsy design of these early models. National Semiconductor also designed a high-end programmable calculator, but apart from a few prototypes that were sent to reviewers, this machine never saw the light of day. National Semiconductor machines were also sold under the Novus brand name and some models were also licensed to OEMs.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions 4515 Mathematician PR RPN Scientific 8 LED digits Keystroke entry (102 program steps) 1 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials 4525 Scientist PR RPN Scientific 8+2 LED digits Keystroke entry (102 program steps) 1 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials 4615 RPN Scientific 8 LED digits Keystroke entry (102 program steps) 1 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials 6025 Financier PR Financial 8 LED digits Keystroke entry (102 program steps) 1 numbers Financial 6035 Statistician PR Statistical 8 LED digits Keystroke entry (102 program steps) 1 numbers Linear regression Cops Pocket Assistant Emulator 8 LED 7-segment characters Machine-language program (32 bytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Indirect addressing 16 bytes Sound Unconfirmed sighting NS-128 N/A No Image Available NS-7100 Scientific LED digits Fully-merged keystroke entry (240 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 32 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Standard deviation, Continuous memory, Unit conversions
Qualitron
Almost forgotten now, Qualitron produced several early LED calculator models, on of which, a programmable unit, was an OEM variant of the National Semiconductor 4515.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions 1421 Programmable Scientific RPN Scientific 8 LED digits Keystroke entry (102 program steps) 1 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials
Sinclair
Known for a wide range of innovative products ranging from an electric vehicle to one of the most successful line of personal computers, the legendary British manufacturer also produced an impressive array of low-cost calculators. Three models were programmable.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions Cambridge Programmable Scientific 8(5+2) LED digits Keystroke entry (36 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 1 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials Enterprise Programmable Scientific 8(5+2) LED digits Partially merged keystroke (79 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials Scientific Programmable RPN Scientific 5+2 VFD digits Keystroke entry (24 program steps) 1 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials
Many other major brands manufacture calculators today; some are original designs, others are OEM models.
Canon
Were it not for the relatively small number of programmable calculators produced, Canon would stand next to Casio and Sharp as yet another Japanese manufacturer that has been around since the early years, and continues to produce new calculators today. Some Canon models are also produced by other manufacturers as OEM products (although truth to tell, I am not entirely certain whether or not it was the Canon model that was the original.)- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions F-300P Scientific 120×32 LCD pixels Formula programming (336 program steps) Branching 48(6) numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory F-700 Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (64 program steps) Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions, Constants F-73P Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (45 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions F-800P Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (128 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Fractions, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions, Constants F-802P Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (128 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Fractions, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions, Constants No Image Available F-803P Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (256 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 2 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Fractions, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions, Constants No Image Available FG-1000 Graphing LCD pixels Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Continuous memory FP-11P Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (45 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory, Printer, Unit conversions X-07 Graphing 120×32 LCD pixels BASIC (6726 bytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 6726(0) bytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Graphing, Continuous memory, Real-time clock, Sound
Olivetti
Few names are more legendary than that of the renowned Italian manufacturer, best known for the beautiful exterior design of their machines. Olivetti produced many calculators, but few were programmable; apart from an early, AC-only desktop machine, the only one I am aware of is a Canon OEM model.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available SC-1082 Scientific LCD Formula programming 38 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Fractions SC2000 Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (128 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Fractions, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions, Constants
Panasonic
Panasonic was one of the first entrants into the field of pocket computers. More recently, what appears to be a Canon OEM programmable model (although in a different style housing) was released under the Panasonic brand name.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions JE-554U Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (128 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Fractions, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions, Constants RL-H1000 BASIC Programmable 26.5 LCD characters BASIC (1 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 1(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory, Real-time clock, Sound RL-H1400 BASIC Programmable 26.5 LCD characters BASIC (4 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 4(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory, Real-time clock, Sound RL-H1800 BASIC Programmable 26.5 LCD characters BASIC (8 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 8(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory, Real-time clock, Sound
Phillips
Another classic brand name, another OEM-branded Canon programmable.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions SBC-1745N N/A LCD SBC-1746 Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (128 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Fractions, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions, Constants
Sanyo
A surprising find: under a brand name best known for consumer electronics, an early programmable calculator similar in style and function to early Commodore models.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions CZ-0911PG Scientific 8+2 VFD digits Partially merged keystroke (72 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials PHC-8000 BASIC Programmable 24 LCD characters BASIC (4 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 4(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory, Sound
Some legendary manufacturers in the 1970s and early 1980s made their mark by producing exclusively pocket computers.
Amstrad
Xxx- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions NC100 N/A LCD pixels
Atari
Atari is known best in North America for their game consoles, and in other parts of the word for their ST line of 16-bit personal computers. Few remember that the world's first MS-DOS compatible pocket computer, although not originally developed by Atari, was in fact released under the Atari brand.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions Portfolio Graphing 240×64 LCD pixels Spreadsheet data (128 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 128(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Continuous memory, Sound, Matrix
dip
Atari's pocket computer was not an in-house product. It was developed by Distributed Information Processing Ltd., a little known British firm that was a true pioneer.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions POCKET pc Graphing 240×64 LCD pixels Spreadsheet data (128 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Indirect addressing 128(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Continuous memory, Real-time clock, Sound, Matrix
EPSON
EPSON, best known for its dot matrix printers throughout the 1980s, was also among the early pioneers to produce a practical, good quality handheld computer.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions HX-20 BASIC Programmable 120×32 LCD pixels BASIC (12891 bytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 12891(0) bytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory, Printer, Real-time clock, Sound, Magnetic tape
NEC
However well known a brand name in electronics NEC is in general, it doesn't appear on many pocket calculators or computers.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions PC-2001 BASIC Programmable 2×40 LCD characters BASIC (6 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 6(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory, Sound
Quasar
Possibly the brand name under which the concept of a "pocket computer" was first introduced.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available HK2600TE N/A
Seiko
Another brand name known best for watches, Seiko also produced at least one handheld computer.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available MC-2200 N/A LCD (1 kilobytes)
Toshiba
Toshiba was an early participant in the calculator market, but none of their models that I know were programmable. They did, however, have at least one handheld computer.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions IHC-8000 BASIC Programmable 24 LCD characters BASIC (3 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 3(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory, Sound
Not all is gold that glitters. Not all brand names are really brand names: indeed, some of the best known brands, like Radio Shack in North America, MBO, Privileg, or Prinzttronic in Europe are really OEM brands.
Aurex
An OEM brand I recently came across.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions SC-109P Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Formula programming (100 program steps) 28 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN, Constants, Equation library SC-6103 Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Formula programming (79 program steps) 9 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Solver, Integration, Fractions, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN
Aurora
A minor OEM brand, som simple programmable models.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions DS17 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory FN1000 Financial 10(8+2) LCD digits Fully-merged keystroke entry (100 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 20(7) numbers Exponentials, Linear regression, Financial, Continuous memory No Image Available SC180 Scientific 10+2 LCD digits (255 program steps) 2() numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Linear regression, Fractions, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN, Constants Unconfirmed sighting SC190 N/A 10+2 LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (255 program steps) 2 numbers TB607 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory
Hanimex
Yet another OEM brand name with a single known programmable.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions SPC 1090 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (45 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions
Ibico
A brand name best known for office calculators. Again, only a single programmable model.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions 098 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory
Intertronic
I know that I've seen before the Intertronic name, although I cannot quite tell where. Perhaps a low-cost store brand name in Europe?- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions SC-88P Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory
Knight
Minor OEM brand, single low-end programmable.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions K-31A Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory
MBO
A very well known brand name to this day, MBO was among the first to produce an OEM-labelled calculator in the 1970s.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions Alpha 604 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory Alpha 82 PR Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory Alpha 820 PR Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory Programmer Scientific 10(8+2) VFD digits Keystroke entry (127 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 11 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials
MCI
A single programmable model was released under this brand name.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions SLC-604 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory
Olympia
A venerable German typewriter manufacturer, Olympia has also become a well-known brand name of office calculators. In the early 1980s, Olympia also sold a classic Hand Held Computer (HHC) under its own brand name.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions HHC BASIC Programmable 26.5 LCD characters BASIC (4 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 4(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory, Real-time clock, Sound OP-544 Scientific 12 LCD characters BASIC (544 bytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 544(0) bytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory, Sound
PiraComp
A label I never saw before, PiraComp seems more than just a bogus name like that found on many Far Eastern knockoffs; the nicely packaged calculator I have bearing their label came with a one-year warranty and a small but detailed German-language manual.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions PR-40 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory
Privileg
A very well known brand name of the Quelle department store chain in Germany, the Privileg label was used for many OEM calculators, including several interesting programmable models.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions LC-650PR Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory LC-814PR Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (45 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions No Image Available PR-55NC RPN Scientific 8+2 LED digits Keystroke entry (102 program steps) 1 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials PR-56D-NC Scientific 8+2 VFD digits Partially merged keystroke (72 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials PR-57NC Scientific 8+2 LED digits Keystroke entry (72 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Unit conversions SR-12PR Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (128 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions, Constants
Prinztronic
A store OEM brand from the United Kingdom. Its single programmable model is a Qualitron 1421 in disguise.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available Programmable 40 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory Programmable Scientific RPN Scientific 8 LED digits Keystroke entry (102 program steps) 1 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials
Radio Shack
Known also as Tandy outside North America, Radio Shack has sold many OEM calculators and pocket computers since the early years. Their impressive lineup included machines from Casio, Sharp, Sinclair and Texas instruments; they also sold pocket computers under their popular TRS-80 label, machines that were in fact relabelled products from Casio and Sharp.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions EC-4000 Scientific 8+2 LED digits Fully-merged keystroke entry (50 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels 8 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials EC-4001 Scientific 8(5+2) LED digits Keystroke entry (36 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 1 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials EC-4004 Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Fully-merged keystroke entry (38 program steps) Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory No Image Available EC-4004 (v2) Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Fully-merged keystroke entry (38 program steps) Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory EC-4019 Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Fully-merged keystroke entry (135 program steps) Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory, baseN EC-4020 Scientific 12 LCD characters Keystroke entry (550 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 94(26) numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory, baseN EC-4021 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory EC-4023 Scientific 12 LCD characters Formula programming (675 program steps) 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory, baseN, Equation library EC-4024 Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Fully-merged keystroke entry (29 program steps) Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN EC-4026 Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Formula programming (1103 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels 163(26) numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory, baseN EC-4027 Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Formula programming (40 program steps) Branching 6 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Fractions, Continuous memory EC-4033 Graphing 40×23 LCD pixels Formula programming (400 bytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 78(26) numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN EC-4034 Graphing 96×64 LCD pixels Formula programming (4 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 4(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN EC-4036 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory EC-4037 N/A LCD pixels (4 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 4(0) kilobytes No Image Available EC-4040 Scientific 16 LCD characters 9 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN EC-4044 Scientific 12 LCD characters Formula programming (440 program steps) 55(0) numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN PC-1 BASIC Programmable 24 LCD characters BASIC (2200 bytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 2200(0) bytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory, Sound PC-2 BASIC Programmable 26 LCD characters BASIC (1850 bytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 1850(0) bytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory, Sound PC-3 BASIC Programmable 24 LCD characters BASIC (4 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 4(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory PC-4 BASIC Programmable 12 LCD characters BASIC (490 bytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 26(0) numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory PC-5 BASIC Programmable 24 LCD characters BASIC (4 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 4(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory, Sound PC-6 BASIC Programmable 24 LCD characters BASIC (8 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 8(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory, Sound PC-7 BASIC Programmable 12 LCD characters BASIC (512 bytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 26(0) numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory PC-8 BASIC Programmable 16 LCD characters BASIC (1200 bytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 1200(0) bytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory
Technico
A Taiwanese OEM brand.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions PSR-98 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (45 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions
Truly
A low-end OEM brand name.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions SC111 Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Fully-merged keystroke entry (29 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Integration, Fractions, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN, Constants, Equation library No Image Available TG202 Graphing 128×64 LCD pixels Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Fractions, Continuous memory No Image Available TG602 Graphing 128×64 LCD pixels Trigonometrics, Linear regression, Graphing, Fractions
Walther
A German OEM label.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions LC-604 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory
Westfalia-Technik
A German OEM label.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions 269878 Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Fully-merged keystroke entry (64 program steps) Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions, Constants
Pocket calculators were manufactured in several East Bloc countries prior to 1989, including Bulgaria, East Germany, and Poland. However, to my knowledge, only two manufacturers produced programmable models: Hungary's Híradástechnika, and the Soviet conglomerate Elektronika.
Elektronika
Elektronika produced an impressive lineup of unique, domestically developed calculator models. What is surprising is that these models are clearly not copycat Western machines; while some concepts (e.g., an RPN stack) were borrowed from comparable Western models, many design features are unique, and few, if any, Western components or subassemblies were used during manufacturing.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions B3-21 RPN Scientific 8+2 LED digits Keystroke entry (60 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines 13 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials B3-21 (VFD) RPN Scientific 8+2 VFD digits Keystroke entry (60 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines 13 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials B3-34 RPN Scientific 8+2 VFD digits Partially merged keystroke (98 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Indirect addressing 14 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials No Image Available B3-54 RPN Scientific 8+2 VFD digits Partially merged keystroke (98 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Indirect addressing 14 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials No Image Available MK-161 Graphing 128×64 LCD pixels Partially merged keystroke (64 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 64(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Graphing, Continuous memory, Real-time clock, Sound, baseN No Image Available MK-47 RPN Scientific 8+2 VFD digits Keystroke entry (60 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines 8 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Magnetic cards MK-52 RPN Scientific 8+2 VFD digits Partially merged keystroke (105 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Indirect addressing 15 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials MK-52 (White) RPN Scientific 8+2 VFD digits Partially merged keystroke (105 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Indirect addressing 15 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials MK-54 RPN Scientific 8+2 VFD digits Partially merged keystroke (98 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Indirect addressing 14 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials MK-61 RPN Scientific 8+2 VFD digits Partially merged keystroke (105 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Indirect addressing 15 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials MK-85 BASIC Programmable 12 LCD characters BASIC (2 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 2(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory, Sound MK-85M BASIC Programmable 12 LCD characters BASIC (6 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 6(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory, Sound MK-90 Graphing 160×64 LCD pixels BASIC (11824 bytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 11824(0) bytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Graphing, Continuous memory, Real-time clock, Sound No Image Available MK-95 N/A 160×64 LCD pixels No Image Available MK-98 N/A 160×64 LCD pixels
Híradástechnika
Hungary's Híradástechnika, a small electronics manufacturer in Budapest, produced several calculators that were relabelled Western models. The pocket computer is a Sharp machine. The five programmable models in their lineup came from several different manufacturers: Commodore, National Semiconductor, and Texas Instruments; but perhaps the most surprising of all is an OEM version of the first Soviet programmable.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions PTA-4000 Scientific 26 LCD characters BASIC (1850 bytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 1850(0) bytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Continuous memory, Sound PTK-1023 RPN Scientific 8+2 LED digits Keystroke entry (102 program steps) 1 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials PTK-1050 Scientific 8+2 LED digits Fully-merged keystroke entry (50 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels 8 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials PTK-1060 RPN Scientific 8+2 LED digits Keystroke entry (60 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines 8 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials PTK-1072 Scientific 8+2 LED digits Keystroke entry (72 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Unit conversions PTK-1090 Scientific 8+2 LED digits Keystroke entry (72 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Unit conversions PTK-1096 Scientific 10(8+2) LED digits Partially merged keystroke (960 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 100(0) numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Linear regression, Magnetic cards
NOMA
Looks like Hungary wasn't the only place in Eastern Europe where OEM programmable calculators were manufactured. I recently came across a Polish machine (with a Sharp chip inside) released under the NOMA brand label.- Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions PR-100 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory
Manufacturers whose products are not listed elsewhere are shown below.
Ataba - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available DS-738BQ Scientific 10+2 LCD digits (4000 program steps) 200() numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Integration, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN No Image Available DS-738DQ Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Formula programming (680 program steps) Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Integration, Fractions, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN No Image Available DS-742AQ Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Formula programming (900 program steps) 9() numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Solver, Integration, Fractions, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN No Image Available DS-745 Scientific 10+2 LCD digits (4000 program steps) 200() numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Integration, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN
Ativa - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available AT-36 Scientific LCD Trigonometrics, Exponentials
BASE10 - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available SR1000 Scientific 16 LCD characters 9 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN
Calcul - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available PSR 98 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (45 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation
Datalogic - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions PC32e N/A
Datexx - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions DS-834 Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Formula programming (152 program steps) 8 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Solver, Fractions, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions, Constants No Image Available DS-850 N/A LCD DS-883 Graphing 64×32 LCD pixels Formula programming (30000 bytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels 28 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Integration, Fractions, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions, Constants
Dixons - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available Programmable Scientific Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory
Durabrand - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions 828 Graphing 35×23 LCD pixels Formula programming (400 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 26 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN
Dyna-Tone - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions G3/8700 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory HK3/8700 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory
Karce - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available KC-S4600P Scientific 10+2 LCD digits numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Fractions, Continuous memory No Image Available KC-S6600G Graphing LCD pixels Formula programming (400 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines 76(26) numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN
Kenko - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available KK-2302 N/A LCD
Lexibook - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions GC1000 Graphing 35×23 LCD pixels Formula programming (400 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 76(26) numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN No Image Available GC500 Graphing 35×23 LCD pixels Formula programming (400 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 76(26) numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN
Media H.S. - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions SS1000 Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Formula programming ( ) 27 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN, Constants, Equation library
Merangue - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available SC-818BL N/A
Mint Industries - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available M-1234 Graphing 35×23 LCD pixels Formula programming (400 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 26 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN No Image Available M-1236 Graphing 35×23 LCD pixels Formula programming (400 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 26 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN
National - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions JR.800 Graphing 192×64 LCD pixels BASIC (13374 bytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 13374(0) bytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Graphing, Continuous memory, Real-time clock, Sound
PEARL - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions PEARL Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Formula programming (100 program steps) 28 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN, Constants, Equation library
Psion - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions Organiser N/A 2×16 LCD characters Continuous memory, Real-time clock, Sound No Image Available Series 3a Graphing 480×160 LCD pixels BASIC (256 kilobytes) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 256(0) kilobytes Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Graphing, Continuous memory, Sound
Royal - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available PR-450 N/A LCD (2 kilobytes)
Sentry - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions CA756 Graphing 33×23 LCD pixels Formula programming (400 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 26 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN
Simvalley Instruments - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions GRC-1000 Graphing 64×48 LCD pixels Formula programming (79 program steps) 9 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Graphing, Solver, Integration, Fractions, Complex, Continuous memory, baseN
SMART - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available 65-817 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (40 program steps) 3 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Standard deviation, Continuous memory
SPECTRA - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available SSC-200 Scientific 16 LCD characters 9 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN
TecXon - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions LC-675 Scientific 10(8+2) LCD digits Partially merged keystroke (45 program steps) Conditionals, Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory, baseN, Unit conversions
Texet - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions GR4F-x Graphing 35×23 LCD pixels Formula programming (400 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 26 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN
Unknown - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions fx-3600p Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Fully-merged keystroke entry (38 program steps) Branching 7 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Integration, Fractions, Continuous memory fx-5000F Scientific 10+2 LCD digits Formula programming (675 program steps) 10 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Continuous memory, baseN, Constants, Equation library
Walgreens - Model Type Display Programming model Programming features Memory Special functions No Image Available ATC-139 Graphing 35×23 LCD pixels Formula programming (400 program steps) Conditionals, Branching, Subroutines, Labels, Indirect addressing 26 numbers Trigonometrics, Exponentials, Hyperbolics, Linear regression, Graphing, Fractions, Continuous memory, baseN
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Viktor T. Toth
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